Buying property in Spain can be an exciting yet complex endeavor, especially for those unfamiliar with the country's legal and procedural intricacies. Whether you're a first-time buyer or an experienced investor, it's essential to understand the ins and outs of the process to ensure a smooth and successful transaction. In this blog post, we will address some of the most common questions prospective buyers have about purchasing property in Spain.
1. Do I Need a Spanish Residency Permit to Buy Property in Spain?
Obtaining a Spanish residency permit is not a prerequisite for purchasing property in Spain. Whether you are a Spanish citizen, a resident, or a non-resident, you are legally entitled to buy property in Spain. This means that individuals from all over the world, regardless of their citizenship or residency status, can invest in Spanish real estate.
However, while a residency permit is not required for property purchase, there are certain implications for non-residents. Non-residents who wish to buy property in Spain will need to obtain a Foreigner's Identification Number (NIE), which is a unique tax identification number issued by the Spanish government. The NIE is essential for any financial transactions in Spain, including property purchases, opening bank accounts, and paying taxes.
Additionally, non-residents may face different tax obligations compared to Spanish residents. For example, non-residents are typically subject to a higher rate of property transfer tax or value-added tax (VAT) when purchasing property in Spain. They may also have different tax liabilities on rental income or capital gains from property sales.
Furthermore, non-residents should be aware of the implications of owning property in Spain on their overall tax residency status and any potential tax treaties between Spain and their home country. It's advisable for non-residents to seek professional advice from a qualified tax advisor or lawyer to understand their tax obligations and ensure compliance with Spanish tax laws.
In summary, while a Spanish residency permit is not required to buy property in Spain, non-residents must obtain an NIE and be aware of the tax implications associated with property ownership in Spain. Seeking professional guidance can help non-residents navigate the legal and financial aspects of purchasing property in Spain effectively.
At Lopez & Moreno Associates our team of Spanish lawyers can assist you with your NIE number application and advise you on the tax implications associated with property ownership in Spain by non-residents.
2. What Are the Costs Associated with Buying Property in Spain?
Buying property in Spain entails various expenses beyond the purchase price. It's crucial for buyers to understand these costs to budget accordingly and avoid any surprises during the transaction process. Here is a breakdown of the different expenses involved:
2.1 Transfer Tax (Impuesto sobre Transmisiones Patrimoniales - ITP):
This tax applies to the transfer of ownership of second-hand properties and is calculated as a percentage of the property's purchase price. The rate varies depending on the region but typically ranges from 6% to 10% of the property value.
2.2. VAT (Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido - IVA):
VAT is applicable to the sale of new properties or properties sold by developers. The current standard VAT rate in Spain is 21%, although there are reduced rates for certain types of properties, such as residential properties. Buyers should check whether VAT applies to their property purchase and the applicable rate.
2.3. Stamp Duty (Actos Jurídicos Documentados - AJD):
Stamp duty is a tax levied on certain legal documents, including property deeds. The rate varies by region but typically ranges from 0.5% to 1.5% of the property value and applies to title deeds when buying new properties from a developer.
2.4. Notary Fees:
Notary fees are charged for the services provided by a notary public, who oversees the property purchase process and ensures its legality. The fees charged by notaries in Spain are regulated by law and based on the property's purchase price, complexity, and any additional services required.
2.5. Land Registry Fees:
After the property purchase is completed, it must be registered in the Land Registry. Registration fees are charged for this service and are typically based on the property's value.
2.6. Legal Fees:
It is advisable to instruct a qualified lawyer to represent your interests during the property purchase process. Legal fees vary depending on the complexity of the transaction and the services required.
2.7. Mortgage Costs:
If you are financing the property purchase with a mortgage, there are additional costs to consider, such as mortgage arrangement fees, valuation fees, and mortgage insurance premiums.
2.8. Utility Connection Fees and Transfer Costs:
When purchasing a property, there may be additional costs associated with connecting utilities (water, electricity, gas) and transferring existing contracts into your name.
2.9. Residents Association fees
Most properties located in a residential building or an urbanisation pay management fees/service charges to the residents’ association for the upkeep of communal areas, swimming-pools, gardens, electricity and water supply of communal areas, etc.
2.10. IBI tax and rubbish collection fees
Property owners in Spain pay to the Local Authority/Town Hall annual council tax (IBI tax) and rubbish collection fees.
By understanding these various costs associated with buying property in Spain, buyers can better prepare financially and ensure a smooth and successful transaction process. It is advisable to work with experienced professionals, such as real estate agents, lawyers, and tax advisors, to navigate the complexities of the Spanish property market effectively.
3. Can Non-Residents Get a Mortgage to Buy Property in Spain?
Non-residents interested in buying property in Spain may wonder about their options for securing financing through a mortgage. While it is indeed possible for non-residents to obtain a mortgage in Spain, banks are usually reluctant to approve mortgages based on income obtained outside Spain and if the bank does approve the loan, there are specific considerations, requirements, and processes involved.
3.1 Requirements for Non-Resident Mortgages:
Non-residents seeking a mortgage in Spain will need to meet certain eligibility criteria set by lenders. These criteria may include:
Proof of income: Non-residents will need to demonstrate their ability to repay the mortgage, typically through documented income sources such as employment, investments, or rental income.
Down payment: Lenders often require non-residents to make a higher down payment compared to Spanish residents. The down payment amount is usually a percentage of the property's purchase price.
Creditworthiness: Lenders will assess the applicant's credit history and financial stability to determine their suitability for a mortgage.
Legal status: Non-residents will need to provide documentation verifying their legal status, such as a valid passport and Foreigner's Identification Number (NIE).
3.2 Process of Obtaining a Mortgage as a Non-Resident:
The process of securing a mortgage in Spain typically involves the following steps:
Pre-approval: Non-residents can begin the mortgage application process by obtaining pre-approval from a lender. This involves submitting financial documentation and undergoing a preliminary credit assessment.
Property valuation: Once pre-approved, the lender will conduct a valuation of the property to determine its market value and suitability as collateral for the mortgage.
Formal application: After selecting a property and agreeing on the purchase price, the borrower submits a formal mortgage application to the lender, along with all required documentation.
Approval and offer: If the application is approved, the lender will make a formal mortgage offer outlining the terms and conditions of the loan, including interest rate, loan amount, and repayment schedule.
Completion: Upon acceptance of the mortgage offer, the borrower and lender proceed to complete the mortgage contract, typically in the presence of a notary public. The mortgage is then registered in the Land Registry, and funds are disbursed to complete the property purchase. This process will take place at the same time as completion of the purchase at a notary’s office in Spain.
While obtaining a mortgage as a non-resident buyer in Spain may involve additional requirements and higher costs compared to residents, it can provide an opportunity to finance a property purchase and leverage investment opportunities in the Spanish real estate market. Working with a knowledgeable mortgage broker or financial advisor can help non-residents navigate the process effectively and secure the best possible terms for their mortgage.
4. What Types of Property are Available for Purchase in Spain?
Spain offers a diverse range of properties to suit various preferences, lifestyles, and budgets. Whether you are seeking a luxurious beachfront villa, a charming apartment in the heart of a bustling city, or a tranquil countryside retreat, there is something for everyone in the Spanish property market. Here is an overview of the different types of properties available:
4.1. Apartments:
Apartments are one of the most common types of properties in Spain, particularly in urban areas. They range from compact studios to spacious penthouses and can be found in high-rise buildings, residential complexes, or historic city centers. Apartments often offer amenities such as communal pools, gyms, and 24-hour security.
4.2. Villas:
Villas are standalone properties typically characterised by their spaciousness, privacy, and luxury features. They often feature generous outdoor spaces, including gardens, terraces, and swimming pools. Villas can be found in coastal areas, countryside settings, or exclusive gated communities.
4.3. Townhouses:
Townhouses are multi-level properties that share walls with neighbouring units, similar to rowhouses. They offer a balance between apartment living and standalone homes, providing more space and privacy than apartments while typically being more affordable than villas. Townhouses often feature private gardens, patios, and communal facilities.
4.4 Rural Properties:
Rural properties, also known as fincas, offer a peaceful retreat in the Spanish countryside. These properties range from traditional farmhouses and country estates to rustic cottages and renovated barns. Rural properties often boast expansive land, orchards, vineyards, and panoramic views of the surrounding landscape.
4.5 Coastal Properties:
Spain extensive coastline offers a plethora of coastal properties, including beachfront apartments, sea-view villas, and waterfront townhouses. Coastal properties are popular among both holidaymakers and permanent residents seeking a relaxed lifestyle by the sea, with easy access to beaches, marinas, and water sports activities.
4.6 Historic Properties:
Spain rich history is reflected in its many historic properties, including palaces, castles, convents, and stately homes. These properties often feature architectural charm, period details, and cultural significance, making them desirable for buyers seeking a unique and prestigious residence.
4.7 Investment Properties:
Investment properties in Spain encompass a wide range of options, including rental apartments, commercial properties, and development projects. With a thriving tourism industry and strong demand for rental accommodation, investment properties can offer attractive rental yields and capital appreciation potential.
Whether you are searching for a permanent residence, a holiday home, or an investment opportunity, the Spanish property market offers a diverse array of options to suit every taste and lifestyle. Working with a reputable real estate agent or property consultant can help you navigate the market and find the perfect property that meets your needs and preferences.
5. Are There Any Legal Restrictions on Buying Property in Certain Areas of Spain?
While Spain generally welcomes foreign investment in its real estate market, there are certain legal restrictions and special considerations that buyers should be aware of when purchasing property in specific regions or zones. These restrictions may vary depending on factors such as location, property type, and regional regulations. Here is a closer look at some of the key legal considerations:
5.1 Protected Natural Areas:
Spain is home to numerous protected natural areas, including national parks, nature reserves, and coastal zones. Purchasing property in these areas may be subject to strict regulations aimed at preserving the environment and biodiversity. Buyers should research any zoning restrictions, building limitations, and environmental impact assessments before proceeding with a purchase.
5.2 Coastal Zones:
Coastal areas in Spain are subject to special regulations aimed at protecting the coastline and managing coastal development. The Coastal Law (Ley de Costas) regulates activities such as construction, renovation, and land use along the coast. Buyers should be aware of setback requirements, building height restrictions, and limitations on beachfront construction when considering property purchases in coastal zones.
5.3 Historic Districts and Heritage Sites:
Spain is renowned for its rich cultural heritage, including historic districts, UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and protected cultural monuments. Properties located within these areas may be subject to strict preservation regulations aimed at conserving architectural integrity and cultural heritage. Buyers should verify any restrictions on renovations, alterations, or demolitions imposed by local heritage authorities.
5.4 Rural Land and Agricultural Zones (Suelo Rústico/Agrícola):
Rural properties and agricultural land in Spain may be subject to specific zoning regulations and land use restrictions aimed at preserving agricultural activities and rural landscapes. Buyers interested in rural properties should research permitted land uses, agricultural subsidies, and any restrictions on development or land conversion.
5.5 Protected Cultural Landscapes:
Spain diverse landscapes include protected cultural landscapes designated for their scenic, cultural, or historical significance. Purchasing property in these areas may be subject to regulations aimed at preserving traditional land use practices, cultural heritage sites, and scenic vistas. Buyers should inquire about any restrictions on construction, landscaping, and land management activities.
5.6 Urban Planning Laws and Municipal Regulations:
Local urban planning laws and municipal regulations can vary significantly across different regions and municipalities in Spain. Buyers should consult with local authorities or legal experts to understand zoning ordinances, building codes, and land use regulations applicable to their desired property location.
5.7 Strategic locations such as the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands or certain border and coastal regions
Non-EU citizens will require a special permit from the Spanish Ministry of Defence to buy plots of land or rural properties in the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands and certain border or coastal region with strategic sensitivity/importance.
By understanding and adhering to these legal restrictions and special considerations, buyers can navigate the Spanish property market more effectively and ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Consulting with experienced legal professionals, real estate agents, or property consultants can provide invaluable guidance and assistance throughout the property purchase process.
6. What Documents Do I Need to Buy Property in Spain?
Purchasing property in Spain involves a comprehensive documentation process to ensure the legality and validity of the transaction. Whether you are a Spanish citizen, a resident, or a non-resident, you will need to provide various documents to complete the property purchase. Here is a list of essential documents required for the purchasing process:
6.1 Identification Documents:
Valid Passport or National Identity Card (DNI): Buyers must provide proof of identity through a valid passport or DNI. This document is essential for verifying the buyer's identity and confirming their legal capacity to enter into a property transaction.
6.2 Foreigner's Identification Number (NIE):
The NIE is a unique tax identification number assigned to foreigners by the Spanish government. Non-resident buyers must obtain an NIE before purchasing property in Spain. The NIE is required for various financial transactions, including property purchases, opening bank accounts, and paying taxes.
6.3 Title Deeds (Escritura de Compraventa):
The title deeds, also known as the escritura de compraventa, are the official legal documents that transfer ownership of the property from the seller to the buyer. These deeds contain detailed information about the property, including its description, boundaries, and any existing encumbrances or liens.
6.4 Land Registry office copy entry (Nota Simple):
A Land Registry office copy entry, or nota simple, provides official information about the property's registration status, ownership history, and any encumbrances or charges affecting the property. It is essential for verifying the property's legal status and ensuring the registered charges against the property.
6.5 IBI tax receipt:
This document, equivalent to the council tax in the UK, will show the cadastral reference of the property, which is relevant to identify the cadastral details of the property and verify if they match with those at the Land Registry, if there are discrepancies for instance in the built area of the property it may be due to an extension built without planning permission. It will also show the cadastral value of the property, which is relevant in some cases for calculating certain taxes such as plusvalia tax, or Transfer Tax and CGT if the property is sold at a value lower than the reference cadastral value.
6.6 Licence of first occupancy or habitation certificate:
A Spanish "Licencia de Primera Ocupación" (LPO), often translated as a "licence of first occupancy," or "habitation certificate," is an important administrative document in Spain. It certifies that a newly constructed building is in compliance with its originally approved planning and building permissions and meets all the required safety, health, and planning regulations stipulated by local authorities. This license is crucial because it confirms that the building is suitable for occupancy.
The licence is issued by the local municipal government where the property is located. It is typically granted after a thorough inspection process, conducted once construction has been completed.
The main purpose of the license is to ensure that the new building complies with the technical building specifications that were approved in the building permit. It checks for compliance with zoning laws, building codes, and other local regulations.
In Spain, this license is often required before utility companies will connect services such as electricity, water, and gas to the property. This makes obtaining the licence a critical step for homeowners wishing to fully occupy and use their new home.
The presence of a valid Licence of First Occupancy is a key indicator of a property legality. It assures potential property buyers that the building adheres to all the necessary regulations. Its absence can pose significant legal and financial risks.
6.7 Documentation related to the planning situation of the property:
If any planning issues are identified, it is necessary to obtain/request from the vendor a certificate issued by the planning department of the Town Hall to confirm that the property complies with the current planning regulations and that there are no outstanding enforcement planning procedures against the property.
6.8 Energy Certificate:
This certificate reports the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of the home. It has been mandatory since 2013 to transfer a property and it is the seller who must request it from a certifying technician. It is valid for 10 years.
6.9 Property survey:
It is advisable to commission a property survey if any issues are identify during a viewing of the property such as damp, cracks, etc.
6.10 Proof of Payment:
Buyers must provide evidence of the funds used to purchase the property and the source of such funds, such as bank statements or wire transfer receipts. This documentation is necessary for demonstrating the legality of the transaction and complying with anti-money laundering regulations.
6.11 Mortgage Documents (if applicable):
If the property purchase is financed through a mortgage, buyers must provide documentation related to the mortgage loan, including the mortgage offer, loan agreement, and mortgage deed. These documents outline the terms and conditions of the mortgage, including interest rates, loan amount, and repayment schedule.
6.12 Power of Attorney (if applicable):
In some cases, buyers may appoint a legal representative or attorney to act on their behalf during the property purchase process. A power of attorney document granting authorisation to the representative is required for this purpose.
At Lopez & Moreno Associates our notary in the City of London can assist with preparing the relevant Spanish Power of Attorney.
By gathering and submitting these essential documents, buyers can facilitate the property purchase process and ensure compliance with legal requirements. It is advisable to work with experienced legal professionals, real estate agents, or property consultants who can guide buyers through the documentation process and ensure a smooth and successful transaction.
At Lopez & Moreno Associates, our team of experienced Spanish lawyers and notary can guide and advise you on every step of the process.
Please get in touch with us for information about our services and fees.
7. How Long Does It Take to Complete a Property Purchase in Spain?
The timeline for completing a property purchase in Spain can vary depending on various factors, including the complexity of the transaction, financing arrangements, and legal requirements. While every purchase is unique, the following outline provides a general overview of the typical timeline for completing a property purchase in Spain:
7.1 Property Search and Offer Stage:
Duration: 1-3 months (can vary)
The process begins with the buyer conducting a property search to find suitable options that meet their requirements and preferences. This stage may involve viewing multiple properties, researching neighbourhoods, and evaluating market conditions. Once the buyer has identified a property of interest, they may submit an offer to the seller, outlining the proposed purchase price and terms of the offer.
7.2 Negotiation and Agreement:
Duration: 1-2 weeks (can vary)
After receiving the offer, the seller may engage in negotiations with the buyer to reach an agreement on the purchase price and other terms of the sale, such as the inclusion of furniture or appliances. Once both parties have agreed to the terms, they sign a preliminary purchase agreement (contrato de arras or reserva), which typically involves the payment of a deposit (arras) to secure the property. We strongly advise to instruct a lawyer before signing any contract to complete the due diligence and legal searches on the property before making any contractual commitment.
7.3 Due Diligence and Legal Searches:
Duration: 4 weeks (can vary)
After finding the property and before signing the contract, the buyer's legal representative conducts due diligence checks on the property to ensure there are no legal issues or encumbrances that could affect the purchase. This may involve reviewing the property's title deeds, land registry records, planning permissions, and any outstanding debts or charges. Additionally, the buyer may arrange for a property survey or inspection to assess the condition of the property.
7.4 Mortgage Approval (if applicable):
Duration: 4-8 weeks (can vary)
If the buyer is financing the purchase with a mortgage, they must apply for mortgage approval from a lender. The mortgage approval process involves submitting financial documentation, undergoing a credit assessment, and obtaining a property valuation. The timeline for mortgage approval can vary depending on the lender's requirements and processing times.
7.5 Completion and Finalisation:
Duration: 1-2 months
Once all due diligence checks have been completed, and any mortgage financing has been secured, the parties proceed to the finalization stage of the transaction. This involves signing the deed of sale (escritura de compraventa) before a notary public and paying the remaining balance of the purchase price. The deed of sale is then registered in the Land Registry, and ownership of the property is officially transferred to the buyer.
7.6 Post-Completion Procedures:
Duration: 1-2 weeks
After completion, the buyer may need to complete various post-completion procedures, such as transferring utility contracts into their name, arranging insurance coverage, changing ownership at the Town Hall and Residents’ Association and updating their tax residency status (if applicable). Additionally, the buyer should ensure that all relevant taxes, fees, and expenses associated with the purchase have been paid.
Overall, the timeline for completing a property purchase in Spain typically ranges from 3 to 6 months, although it can vary depending on individual circumstances and any unexpected delays that may arise during the process. Working with experienced legal professionals, real estate agents, and mortgage advisors can help streamline the process and ensure a smooth and efficient transaction from start to finish.
8. What Should I Consider Before Buying Property Off-Plan in Spain?
Buying property off-plan, also known as purchasing property during the construction phase, can offer several advantages, including the opportunity to customise the property to your preferences and potentially benefit from lower prices compared to completed properties. However, there are also risks associated with off-plan purchases that buyers should carefully consider before making a decision. Here is a closer look at the advantages, potential risks, and tips for mitigating risks when buying off-plan properties in Spain:
8.1 Advantages:
8.1.1 Customisation Options:
Buying off-plan allows buyers to customise certain aspects of the property, such as finishes, fixtures, and layout, according to their preferences and requirements. This level of customisation can create a personalized living space tailored to the buyer's tastes.
8.1.2 Potential for Lower Prices:
Off-plan properties are often sold at lower prices compared to completed properties, as developers may offer discounts or incentives to attract early buyers. This can present an opportunity for buyers to purchase a property at a more affordable price and potentially benefit from capital appreciation once the property is completed.
8.1.3 Modern Facilities and Amenities:
Off-plan developments often feature modern facilities and amenities, such as swimming pools, gyms, landscaped gardens, and communal spaces. These amenities enhance the quality of life for residents and contribute to the overall appeal of the property.
8.2 Potential Risks:
8.2.1 Delays in Construction:
One of the main risks of buying off-plan is the potential for delays in the construction process, which can result in extended completion timelines and inconvenience for buyers. Delays may be caused by factors such as construction issues, permitting delays, or financial difficulties faced by the developer.
8.2.2 Changes in Market Conditions:
Economic and market fluctuations can impact the value of off-plan properties, potentially affecting the return on investment for buyers. Changes in market conditions, such as fluctuations in property prices or shifts in demand, may influence the property's resale value or rental potential.
8.2.3 Developer Insolvency:
There is a risk that the developer may encounter financial difficulties or become insolvent during the construction process, leading to project delays or even project abandonment. In such cases, buyers may face challenges in obtaining refunds or recovering their investment.
8.3 Tips for Mitigating Risks:
8.3.1 Research the Developer:
Before committing to an off-plan purchase, thoroughly research the developer's reputation, track record, and financial stability. Look for reviews, testimonials, and past projects to assess the developer's reliability and credibility.
8.3.2 Review the Contract:
Carefully review the purchase contract and associated documentation provided by the developer, including the payment schedule, completion timeline, and clauses related to project delays or changes. Consider seeking legal advice to ensure that the contract protects your interests and rights as a buyer.
8.3.3 Verify Planning Permissions:
Confirm that the off-plan development has obtained all necessary planning permissions and permits from the relevant authorities. This helps ensure that the project complies with local regulations and reduces the risk of legal issues or delays during construction.
8.3.4 Consider Payment Guarantees:
In Spain, developers are required to provide payment guarantees or insurance policies to protect buyers' funds in the event of developer insolvency or project abandonment. Request a bank guarantee to safeguard your investment.
8.3.5 Stay Informed and Communicate:
Stay informed about the progress of the construction and maintain open communication with the developer or their representatives throughout the process. Regular updates and transparency from the developer can help alleviate concerns and address any issues promptly.
By carefully weighing the advantages and risks of buying off-plan properties and implementing appropriate risk mitigation strategies, buyers can make informed decisions and navigate the off-plan purchase process with confidence. Working with experienced legal advisors can provide valuable guidance and support to ensure a successful outcome.
9. Do I Need to Hire a Lawyer When Buying Property in Spain?
Navigating the Spanish property market can be complex and challenging, especially for buyers who are unfamiliar with the legal and procedural aspects of property transactions in Spain. While it's technically possible to purchase property without the assistance of a lawyer or real estate agent, enlisting professional guidance can provide numerous benefits and help buyers navigate the process more effectively. Here are some reasons why hiring legal representation is highly advisable when buying property in Spain:
9.1 Legal Expertise and Advice:
A qualified lawyer specialising in real estate law can provide invaluable expertise and advice throughout the property purchase process. They can offer guidance on legal matters, review contracts and documentation, and ensure that buyers fully understand their rights and obligations under Spanish law.
9.2 Due Diligence and Legal Checks/Searches:
Lawyers conduct thorough due diligence checks on the property to identify any legal issues, encumbrances, or potential risks that may affect the purchase. They review title deeds, land registry records, planning permissions, and other relevant documentation to ensure the property's legality and compliance with regulations.
9.3 Contract Review and Negotiation:
Lawyers review the purchase contract and associated documentation to ensure that buyers' interests are protected and that the terms of the agreement are fair and equitable. They can also negotiate with the seller or developer on behalf of the buyer to address any concerns or negotiate favourable terms.
9.4 Assistance with Legal Procedures:
Lawyers handle all legal procedures and administrative tasks related to the property purchase, including obtaining the necessary permits, coordinating with notaries and government authorities, and ensuring compliance with tax and regulatory requirements.
In summary, while hiring a lawyer is not mandatory when buying property in Spain, their expertise and assistance can significantly streamline the process, minimise risks, and ensure a successful outcome. By leveraging the knowledge and experience of qualified professionals, buyers can navigate the complexities of the Spanish property market with confidence and peace of mind.
At Lopez & Moreno Associates, our team of experienced Spanish lawyers and notary can guide and advise you on your Spanish property purchase.
Please get in touch with us for information about our services and fees.
10. Are There Any Tax Implications for Owning Property in Spain?
Owning property in Spain comes with various tax implications that property owners should be aware of to ensure compliance with Spanish tax laws and regulations. Here is an overview of the key taxes associated with property ownership in Spain:
10.1 IBI Tax (equivalent in Spain to the council tax in the UK):
IBI tax is a local tax levied annually on the ownership of real estate property in Spain. The tax rate is determined by the local authority where the property is located and is based on the property's cadastral value, which is an administrative value assigned to properties by the local authorities. Property owners are responsible for paying IBI to the local authority where the property is located.
10.2 Wealth Tax:
Wealth tax is a tax levied on the net worth of individuals, including the value of their real estate properties, financial assets, and other assets. The tax is applied to the value of the property owned by the individual, minus any allowable deductions or exemptions. Wealth tax is payable by Spanish tax residents on their worldwide assets and by non-residents on their Spanish assets.
10.3 Non-Residents Income Tax on Rental Income:
Non-resident property owners who earn rental income from their Spanish properties are subject to income tax on their rental earnings. The tax rate is typically a flat rate applied to the gross rental income, with allowable deductions for certain expenses related to the property, such as maintenance, repairs, and property management fees. Non-residents are required to file a tax return and pay income tax on their rental income to the Spanish tax authorities.
10.4 Capital Gains Tax:
Capital gains tax is payable on the profit earned from the sale of real estate property in Spain. The tax is calculated based on the difference between the purchase price (or acquisition cost) and the selling price (or transfer value) of the property, minus certain allowable deductions.
When the vendor is non-resident in Spain, the buyer is obliged by law to withhold 3% of the sale price and pay it to the Spanish Tax Authorities on account of the possible CGT liability of the vendor.
10.5 Plusvalia Tax:
The "plusvalía" tax in Spain, formally known as the "Impuesto sobre el Incremento de Valor de los Terrenos de Naturaleza Urbana" (IIVTNU), is a municipal tax that applies to the increase in value of urban land where the property is located when it is sold or transferred.
Typically, the vendor of the property is responsible for paying this tax, although it is a negotiable item in the property transaction and sometimes the buyer might agree to take on this responsibility.
10.6 Non-Residents Icome Tax:
Non-resident property owners in Spain are also subject to non-resident property tax, which is a form of income tax based on the deemed rental income derived from the property. The tax is calculated on the cadastral value of the property, regardless of whether the property is rented out or not. Non-residents are required to file a tax return and pay non-resident property tax annually to the Spanish tax authorities.
At Lopez & Moreno Associates, our team of experienced Spanish lawyers can assist you with your Spanish Non-Residents Income Tax Return if your property is not rented.
Please get in touch with us for information about our services and fees.
It is important for property owners in Spain to understand their tax obligations and comply with Spanish tax laws to avoid penalties or legal issues. Seeking professional advice from qualified tax advisors or lawyers can help property owners navigate the complexities of Spanish tax regulations and optimise their tax planning strategies.
Please do not hesitate to contact Lopez & Moreno Associates if you need advice and assistance on the purchase of your Spanish property.